Summary写作步骤
摘要是北美大学非常普遍的一种写作作业，通常学术会被要求阅读指定文章或文献，并写作摘要。今天我们来介绍下摘要Summary的写作步骤：
1）通篇浏览全文，不做任何标记，理解作者想要表达的内容，用自己的语言写下全文的主旨。
2）重读全文，做笔记记下支持文章主旨的分论点。不必关注作者使用的论据。
3）写作摘要的第一稿。摘要的起始部分要点明原始文章或文献的题目、来源、作者和主旨，（举例： In the feature article “Four Kinds of Reading,” the author, Donald Hall, explains his opinion about different types of reading.）然后不参照笔记，仅凭记忆用自己的语言写出每个部分的主要观点，及分论点。
4）反复修改。将第一稿与阅读笔记对照，确保不遗漏任何要点，并删除重复的内容。组织语言，必要时使用合适的过渡词，检查语言和拼写错误。控制长度，一般来说，一篇文章的摘要，长度不能超过原始文章的四分之一。
Summary写作注意事项
1）确保使用自己的语言，而非照搬原文。如果一定要使用原文词句，要使用引语形式。
2）确保摘要仅是对原文内容的总结，因此不能掺杂任何自己的观点或解释。
3）使用总结性的语言进行写作，例如the article claims, the auther suggests.
Summary写作常用和句型
Summary写作不仅有规律可循，还有一些非常常见的和句型供大家参考。
The essay/passage/author highlights …
The essay/passage/author argues in support of …, stating that …
The essay/passage/author argues that…
The essay/passage/author discusses…
The passage/author compares …
The passage/author outlines …
According to the passage, we know…
This article is mainly about…
The writer states that…
As can be learned from this passage…
The passage says that…
In this passage, the writer mainly tells us about his experience of…
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A good assignment summary has three principle requirements.
1 It should be focused on the relevant aspects of the source text or texts. (There may be no need to take information from every section or paragraph of the source texts.)
2 It should present the source material in an accurate fashion.
3 It should condense the source material and be presented in the summary writer’s own words. (Summaries that consist of directly copied portions of the original rarely succeed. Such a summary may suggest that you can find potentially important information, but it does not reveal to what extent you have understood it.)
Steps in writing a summary.
1 Skim the text, noting in your mind the subheadings. If there are o subheadings, try to divide the text into sections.
2 Consider why you have been assigned the text. Determine what type of text you are dealing with, that is, the genre of the source text (e.g. a research paper) or perhaps the organization (problem- solution or general- specific). This can help you identify important information and focus your reading strategies.
3 Read the text, highlighting important information or taking notes.
4 In your own words, write down the main points of each section. Try to write a one- sentence summary of each section.
5 Go through the process again, making changes as appropriate.
Length of a summary.
Sometimes, a one-page summary of an article or a two-page summary of a book.